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Correspondence to Dr James H Hull, Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK; j.hull@rbht.nhs.uk Introduction This British Thoracic Society (BTS) Clinical Statement addresses the diagnosis, evaluation and management of respiratory problems in athletic individuals. [...]it is estimated that at least one in four individuals report troublesome exercise-related respiratory issues, such as breathlessness, cough and/or wheeze.1 Moreover, in competitive athletes, asthma is the most prevalent medical condition and encountered in approximately a quarter of those partaking in endurance sport.2 3 Although athletic individuals can develop any cardiorespiratory illness and thus general clinical guideline documents are broadly applicable, studies over the past three decades have highlighted issues that are particularly relevant when assessing respiratory problems in athletic individuals or in certain sporting scenarios. Scope The purpose of this document was to provide concise and pragmatic guidance to help clinicians from all aspects of the multidisciplinary team (ie, including doctors, physiotherapists, speech and language therapists, pharmacists, physiologists, psychologists and specialist nurses), in both primary and secondary care settings, in assessing and managing respiratory problems in athletic individuals. A thorough history should characterise the precise nature of exercise-related clinical features (eg, breathlessness and wheeze) and their relationship with exercise intensity and recovery.

The study assessed the early bactericidal activity (EBA) of novel combinations of new and existing drugs, but avoiding rifampicin and isoniazid, over the first 14 days of treatment, using the novel outcome measure of daily fall in colony forming units (CFUs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis per millilitres of sputum.

A diverse range of physical phenomena, both observed and hypothetical, are described by topological solutions to nonlinear gauge field theories. Computer-generated color graphic displays can provide a clear and detailed representation of some of these solutions, which might otherwise be physically unintelligible because of their mathematical complexity. Graphical representations are presented here for two topological solutions: (i) the solutions of a model that represents the filaments of quantized magnetic flux in a superconductor, and (ii) the solutions of an SO(3) gauge theory corresponding to a pair of separated magnetic monopoles. An introduction is provided to the gauge field theories giving rise to these solutions.